The Basics
The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is a screening test for prostate cancer. It measures the amount of a specific type of protein called PSA, which is made in the prostate gland.
An increased PSA level is associated with a higher risk of having prostate cancer. It can also be an indicator of other prostate conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate inflammation. For cancer patients, this test can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment.
Men who are 50 years or older should talk to their doctor about doing the test. Those who have a family history of prostate cancer or are of African descent may be at greater risk of prostate cancer and may want to consider having the test done before 50 years of age.
The PSA test is usually done at a clinic or doctor's office by a nurse or another health care professional.
Risks and precautions
The PSA test is usually a straightforward and safe test. However, there are some risks of rare side effects or complications including:
- bruising at the blood collection site
- excess bleeding from the puncture
- infection (swelling, redness, pus)
- lightheadedness or dizziness
Get immediate medical assistance if you experience any of these complications or side effects.
Some conditions or medications may put you at greater risk of side effects or complications. Tell your doctor if you:
- have bleeding disorders
- are taking medications that impair blood clotting, such as warfarin or acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
Before the test
In general, no preparation is needed for the PSA test.
If you are taking any prescription or over-the-counter (non-prescription) medications, supplements, or herbal products, make sure you inform your doctor or pharmacist. Ask them whether it is necessary for you to stop taking any of these medications and products before the test. It is also important to tell them if you have allergies to certain medications or have certain medical conditions.