Description of the test
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, the liquid part of semen. It also produces a protein called prostate specific antigen (PSA). The PSA test is used to determine your level of PSA. Most men have some PSA in their blood. Finding a high level of PSA may mean that the prostate gland is enlarged, infected, inflamed, or cancerous.
Testing normally occurs in a clinic, at a doctor's office, or in a hospital.
A patient having blood collected for a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test
How often should this test be performed?
Men at a low risk for prostate cancer but who are over age 50 should discuss having a test with their doctor. Men at a high risk should begin regular testing at an earlier age to allow early detection and possibly prevent problems with the prostate gland.
Why is this test performed?
The results of this test tell your doctor about your PSA level. Checking this level over a period of time will highlight changes. Any changes may indicate a problem with the prostate gland.
Your doctor will determine the most appropriate treatment while considering your PSA level, age, race, and medical history.
Are there any risks and precautions I should know about?
Although the PSA test is considered safe, it does have some risk of side effects or complications. Though rare, the side effects or complications may include:
- infection (if the area is not properly sterilized before the sample is taken)
- excess bleeding from the puncture
- bruising where the needle was inserted
People with bleeding disorders or anyone taking medication that reduces the ability of the blood to clot (e.g., warfarin, aspirin, or other anticoagulants) should tell the technician before the blood samples are taken. These conditions and medications may require special attention at the time of testing.